docs: complete documentation system (250+ files)
- System architecture and design documentation - Business module docs (ASL/AIA/PKB/RVW/DC/SSA/ST) - ASL module complete design (quality assurance, tech selection) - Platform layer and common capabilities docs - Development standards and API specifications - Deployment and operations guides - Project management and milestone tracking - Architecture implementation reports - Documentation templates and guides
This commit is contained in:
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docs/04-开发规范/02-API设计规范.md
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docs/04-开发规范/02-API设计规范.md
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# API设计规范
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> **版本:** v2.0
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> **最后更新:** 2025-11-06
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> **API风格:** RESTful API
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> **基础URL:** `http://localhost:3001/api/v1`
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> **适用范围:** 平台层 + 能力层 + 业务模块层
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---
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## 📋 设计原则
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### API First原则
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- ✅ 先设计API,再实现功能
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- ✅ API是前后端的契约
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- ✅ API变更需要版本控制
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- ✅ 所有API都要有文档
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### RESTful设计
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- ✅ 使用HTTP动词表示操作(GET、POST、PUT、DELETE)
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- ✅ URL表示资源,不表示动作
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- ✅ 使用复数名词表示资源集合
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- ✅ 嵌套资源不超过2层
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- ✅ 使用HTTP状态码表示结果
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### 命名规范
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- ✅ URL使用小写字母和连字符(kebab-case)
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- ✅ 查询参数使用驼峰命名(camelCase)
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- ✅ JSON字段使用驼峰命名(camelCase)
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---
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## 🎯 URL设计规范
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### 路径格式
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```
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/api/v{version}/{module}/{resource}/{id?}/{action?}
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示例:
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/api/v1/literature/projects # 获取文献项目列表
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/api/v1/literature/projects/123 # 获取ID=123的项目
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/api/v1/literature/projects/123/export # 导出项目(动作)
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```
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### 模块前缀
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| 模块 | 路由前缀 | 示例 |
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|------|---------|------|
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| 认证 | `/auth` | `/api/v1/auth/login` |
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| 用户 | `/users` | `/api/v1/users/me` |
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| AI问答 | `/chat` | `/api/v1/chat/conversations` |
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| 智能体 | `/agents` | `/api/v1/agents` |
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| AI文献 | `/literature` | `/api/v1/literature/projects` |
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| 知识库 | `/knowledge-bases` | `/api/v1/knowledge-bases` |
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| 数据清洗 | `/data-cleaning` | `/api/v1/data-cleaning/projects` |
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| 统计分析 | `/analysis` | `/api/v1/analysis/projects` |
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| 统计工具 | `/tools` | `/api/v1/tools` |
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| 稿件审查 | `/review` | `/api/v1/review/tasks` |
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| LLM网关 | `/llm` | `/api/v1/llm/chat` |
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| 管理端 | `/admin` | `/api/v1/admin/users` |
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### 资源命名
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**✅ 正确示例:**
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```
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects # 获取列表
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects/:id # 获取详情
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POST /api/v1/literature/projects # 创建
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PUT /api/v1/literature/projects/:id # 更新
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DELETE /api/v1/literature/projects/:id # 删除
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects/:id/items # 获取项目下的文献
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POST /api/v1/literature/projects/:id/items/import # 导入文献
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POST /api/v1/literature/projects/:id/screening/execute # 执行筛选
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```
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**❌ 错误示例:**
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```
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POST /api/v1/literature/getProjects # 使用动词
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POST /api/v1/literature/createProject # 使用动词
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GET /api/v1/literature/project # 单数形式
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GET /api/v1/literatureProjectList # 驼峰命名
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```
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---
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## 🔧 HTTP方法规范
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### 方法使用
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| 方法 | 用途 | 是否幂等 | 是否安全 |
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|------|------|---------|---------|
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| **GET** | 获取资源 | ✅ | ✅ |
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| **POST** | 创建资源 | ❌ | ❌ |
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| **PUT** | 完整更新资源 | ✅ | ❌ |
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| **PATCH** | 部分更新资源 | ❌ | ❌ |
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| **DELETE** | 删除资源 | ✅ | ❌ |
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### 方法示例
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```http
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# 获取资源列表
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects
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# 获取单个资源
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects/123
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# 创建资源
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POST /api/v1/literature/projects
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Content-Type: application/json
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{ "name": "新项目", "description": "..." }
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# 完整更新资源(所有字段)
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PUT /api/v1/literature/projects/123
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Content-Type: application/json
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{ "name": "更新", "description": "..." }
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# 部分更新资源(部分字段)
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PATCH /api/v1/literature/projects/123
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Content-Type: application/json
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{ "name": "只更新名称" }
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# 删除资源
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DELETE /api/v1/literature/projects/123
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```
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---
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## 📊 状态码规范
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### 标准状态码
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| 状态码 | 含义 | 使用场景 |
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|--------|------|---------|
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| **200** | OK | 成功返回数据 |
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| **201** | Created | 成功创建资源 |
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| **204** | No Content | 成功但无返回数据(如删除) |
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| **400** | Bad Request | 请求参数错误 |
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| **401** | Unauthorized | 未认证(没有Token或Token过期) |
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| **403** | Forbidden | 无权限(已认证但权限不足) |
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| **404** | Not Found | 资源不存在 |
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| **409** | Conflict | 资源冲突(如重复创建) |
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| **422** | Unprocessable Entity | 语义错误(如验证失败) |
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| **429** | Too Many Requests | 请求过于频繁(限流) |
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| **500** | Internal Server Error | 服务器错误 |
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### 状态码使用示例
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```typescript
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// 200 OK - 成功获取数据
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res.status(200).json({ success: true, data: projects });
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// 201 Created - 成功创建资源
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res.status(201).json({ success: true, data: newProject });
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// 204 No Content - 成功删除(无内容返回)
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res.status(204).send();
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// 400 Bad Request - 参数错误
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res.status(400).json({
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success: false,
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error: { code: 'INVALID_PARAMS', message: '参数错误' }
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});
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// 401 Unauthorized - 未认证
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res.status(401).json({
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success: false,
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error: { code: 'UNAUTHORIZED', message: '请先登录' }
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});
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// 403 Forbidden - 无权限
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res.status(403).json({
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success: false,
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error: { code: 'FORBIDDEN', message: '无权访问' }
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});
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// 404 Not Found - 资源不存在
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res.status(404).json({
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success: false,
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error: { code: 'NOT_FOUND', message: '资源不存在' }
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});
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// 422 Unprocessable Entity - 验证失败
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res.status(422).json({
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success: false,
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error: {
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code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR',
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message: '参数验证失败',
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details: [...]
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}
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});
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```
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---
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## 📝 响应格式规范
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### 统一响应格式 ⭐ 必须遵守
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**成功响应:**
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```json
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{
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"success": true,
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"data": {
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// 实际数据
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},
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"message": "操作成功"
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}
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```
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**错误响应:**
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```json
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{
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"success": false,
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"error": {
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"code": "ERROR_CODE",
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"message": "错误信息",
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"details": [...] // 可选,详细错误信息
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}
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}
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```
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### 列表数据响应
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```json
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{
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"success": true,
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"data": {
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"items": [
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{ "id": 1, "name": "项目1" },
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{ "id": 2, "name": "项目2" }
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],
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"pagination": {
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"page": 1,
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"pageSize": 10,
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"total": 100,
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"totalPages": 10,
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"hasNext": true,
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"hasPrev": false
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}
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},
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"message": "获取成功"
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}
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```
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### 验证错误响应
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```json
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{
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"success": false,
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"error": {
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"code": "VALIDATION_ERROR",
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"message": "参数验证失败",
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"details": [
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{
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"field": "email",
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"message": "邮箱格式不正确"
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},
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{
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"field": "password",
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"message": "密码长度必须大于6位"
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 🔑 认证与授权规范
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### JWT认证
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**1. 登录获取Token**
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```http
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POST /api/v1/auth/login
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Content-Type: application/json
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{
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"email": "user@example.com",
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"password": "password123"
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}
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# Response
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{
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"success": true,
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"data": {
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"accessToken": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9...",
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"refreshToken": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9...",
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"expiresIn": 604800, // 7天(秒)
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"user": {
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"id": 123,
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"email": "user@example.com",
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"name": "张三",
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"role": "user"
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**2. 使用Token访问API**
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```http
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects
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Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9...
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```
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**3. Token过期处理**
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```http
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# Token过期,返回401
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{
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"success": false,
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"error": {
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"code": "TOKEN_EXPIRED",
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"message": "Token已过期,请重新登录"
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}
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}
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# 使用refreshToken刷新
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POST /api/v1/auth/refresh
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Content-Type: application/json
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{
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"refreshToken": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9..."
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}
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```
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### 权限控制
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| 端点类型 | 需要认证 | 角色要求 |
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|---------|---------|---------|
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| 公开端点 | ❌ | 无 |
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| 用户端点 | ✅ | user |
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| 管理端点 | ✅ | admin |
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**示例:**
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```typescript
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// 公开端点(无需认证)
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POST /api/v1/auth/login
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POST /api/v1/auth/register
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// 用户端点(需要认证,user角色)
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects
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POST /api/v1/literature/projects
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// 管理端点(需要认证,admin角色)
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GET /api/v1/admin/users
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POST /api/v1/admin/users/:id/disable
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```
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---
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## 📄 分页规范
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### 请求参数
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```
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects?page=1&pageSize=20&sortBy=createdAt&sortOrder=desc
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Query参数:
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- page: 页码(默认1)
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- pageSize: 每页数量(默认10,最大100)
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- sortBy: 排序字段(默认createdAt)
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- sortOrder: 排序方向(asc/desc,默认desc)
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```
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### 响应格式
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```json
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{
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"success": true,
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"data": {
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"items": [...],
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"pagination": {
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"page": 1,
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"pageSize": 20,
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"total": 100,
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"totalPages": 5,
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"hasNext": true,
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"hasPrev": false
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}
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 🔍 筛选与搜索规范
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### 筛选参数
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```
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GET /api/v1/literature/projects?status=active&keyword=骨质疏松
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Query参数:
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- status: 状态筛选(active/inactive)
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- keyword: 关键词搜索(搜索name和description字段)
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- userId: 用户ID筛选(管理端)
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- startDate/endDate: 日期范围筛选
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```
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### 搜索响应
|
||||
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||||
```json
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{
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"success": true,
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"data": {
|
||||
"items": [...],
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||||
"pagination": {...},
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"filters": {
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"status": "active",
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"keyword": "骨质疏松"
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||||
}
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||||
}
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||||
}
|
||||
```
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||||
|
||||
---
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||||
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## ⚠️ 错误码设计
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|
||||
### 标准错误码
|
||||
|
||||
| 错误码 | HTTP状态 | 说明 |
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||||
|--------|---------|------|
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| `VALIDATION_ERROR` | 422 | 参数验证失败 |
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| `UNAUTHORIZED` | 401 | 未认证 |
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| `TOKEN_EXPIRED` | 401 | Token过期 |
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| `FORBIDDEN` | 403 | 无权限 |
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| `NOT_FOUND` | 404 | 资源不存在 |
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| `ALREADY_EXISTS` | 409 | 资源已存在 |
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| `QUOTA_EXCEEDED` | 429 | 配额超限 |
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| `INTERNAL_ERROR` | 500 | 服务器错误 |
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### 业务错误码
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||||
|
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```typescript
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// 模块特定错误码(前缀区分)
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ASL_IMPORT_FAILED // AI文献:导入失败
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ASL_SCREENING_IN_PROGRESS // AI文献:筛选进行中
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||||
PKB_QUOTA_EXCEEDED // 知识库:配额超限
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LLM_QUOTA_EXCEEDED // LLM:配额超限
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
---
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||||
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||||
## 🚀 性能优化规范
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 分页必须
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
所有列表接口必须支持分页:
|
||||
- 默认pageSize=10
|
||||
- 最大pageSize=100
|
||||
- 禁止一次性返回全部数据
|
||||
```
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||||
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||||
### 2. 字段过滤
|
||||
|
||||
```
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||||
GET /api/v1/users/me?fields=id,name,email
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||||
|
||||
只返回需要的字段,减少数据传输
|
||||
```
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||||
|
||||
### 3. 缓存策略
|
||||
|
||||
```http
|
||||
# 设置缓存头
|
||||
Cache-Control: public, max-age=300
|
||||
|
||||
# 使用ETag
|
||||
ETag: "33a64df551425fcc55e4d42a148795d9f25f89d4"
|
||||
If-None-Match: "33a64df551425fcc55e4d42a148795d9f25f89d4"
|
||||
# 返回304 Not Modified
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## ✅ 检查清单
|
||||
|
||||
**设计新API时必须检查:**
|
||||
- [ ] URL符合RESTful规范(使用名词+复数)
|
||||
- [ ] 使用正确的HTTP方法(GET/POST/PUT/DELETE)
|
||||
- [ ] 使用正确的HTTP状态码
|
||||
- [ ] 响应格式符合统一规范(success + data/error)
|
||||
- [ ] 需要认证的接口检查JWT Token
|
||||
- [ ] 需要权限的接口检查用户角色
|
||||
- [ ] 列表接口支持分页
|
||||
- [ ] 列表接口支持排序
|
||||
- [ ] 错误响应包含明确的错误码和错误信息
|
||||
- [ ] 所有API都有文档说明
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 🔗 相关文档
|
||||
|
||||
**总览:**
|
||||
- [API路由总览](./04-API路由总览.md) ⭐ 查看所有API端点
|
||||
|
||||
**模板:**
|
||||
- [API设计模板](../_templates/API设计-模板.md)
|
||||
|
||||
**各模块设计:**
|
||||
- [平台基础层](../01-平台基础层/README.md)
|
||||
- [通用能力层](../02-通用能力层/README.md)
|
||||
- [业务模块层](../03-业务模块/README.md)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
**最后更新:** 2025-11-06
|
||||
**维护人:** 技术架构师
|
||||
**版本:** v2.0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user